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Figure 24. Much of Costa Rica comprises rugged mountainous terrain, here the Volcán Irazú–Turrialba

massif viewed from the east across the Reventazón drainage. Cartago Province, July 2021.

Figure 25. As with the lowlands, most of the mid-elevation slopes around the Central Valley have been cleared

for agriculture, including large areas of sun coffee, a virtual ecological desert. Alajuela Province, July 2021.